Unveiling the Environmental Impact of Large Language Models on Indigenous Communities: A Call for Action and Liability

Authors

• Nina-Simone Edwards, Washington and Lee University School of LawFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly gained popularity for their language generation and comprehension capabilities, promising increased efficiency in various sectors. However, while celebrated for their transformative potential, LLMs exacerbate current climate issues. This Article highlights the detrimental environmental footprint of LLMs, with a focus on their role in escalating climate change and their disproportionate effects on Indigenous communities. These communities, closely tied to their land, bear the brunt of environmental degradation, further aggravated by LLM-induced emissions.

This Article first dissects the interplay between environmental justice and technological innovation, advocating for a reevaluation of the trust relationship between tribal nations and the federal government. Drawing upon constitutional principles, it proposes an affirmative duty mandating federal intervention to curb LLM-induced carbon emissions and impose liability. The Article then explores other forms of liability as an alternative to federal interventions, highlighting grassroots initiatives and legislative frameworks at both national and state levels. By foregrounding the environmental implications of LLMs, this Article underscores the necessity of conscientious technological advancement to safeguard the well-being of Indigenous communities and foster sustainable progress.

Recommended Citation

Nina-Simone Edwards, Unveiling the Environmental Impact of Large Language Models on Indigenous Communities: A Call for Action and Liability, 38 Tul. Env't L.J. 1 (2025).